Genetic testing program for precision medicine in lung cancer

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate in the world. In 2020, there were approximately 816,000 new cases of lung cancer and approximately 715,000 deaths in my country, both ranking first among malignant tumors! With the high air pollution and smoking rates caused by the progress of industrialization and urbanization, the incidence of lung cancer is still showing a clear upward trend. Lung cancer is divided into two major categories: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer. NSCLC is the most common, accounting for 85% of all lung cancers. About 75% of patients are already in the middle and late stages when they are discovered, and the 5-year survival rate is very low. The long-term efficacy and quality of life of patients need to be improved urgently. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have brought new hope for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell cancer.

Targeted drugs have greatly improved the survival time of patients with advanced lung cancer. In the early 21st century, with the launch of the first EGFR targeted drug gefitinib, lung cancer ushered in an era of precise targeted treatment. With the approval of the third-generation drug osimertinib, EGFR targeted drugs have entered a period of "three generations under one roof". The emergence of a variety of therapeutic drugs has given clinicians more options than ever before when formulating treatment plans. However, lung cancer is highly heterogeneous, and most patients rarely find common targets. Studies have found that there are up to 150 gene mutations in lung cancer patients that can change normal protein expression, and only people carrying specific molecular genetic markers can benefit from them. Therefore, companion diagnosis for lung cancer treatment is particularly important.
Immunotherapy has brought new hope for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. However, the clinical application of immunotherapy for NSCLC, especially ICIs, has just started in China. There is still a lack of experience in how to select advantageous populations, determine treatment plans, evaluate efficacy, deal with adverse reactions, and contraindications to drug use. Therefore, it is also very important to carry out corresponding companion diagnostics.

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Gastric cancer precision medicine gene detection program

In January 2021, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released the latest global cancer burden data for 2020. In 2020, there were 1.089 million new cases of gastric cancer and 769,000 deaths worldwide. Among them, the number of cases and deaths in China accounted for nearly half of the world's total, ranking first in the world. The early diagnosis rate of gastric cancer is low, and most patients are already in the advanced stage when diagnosed. The principle of advanced treatment is mainly systemic chemotherapy. The median survival time of patients is less than one year. The efficacy of traditional chemotherapy drugs has reached a plateau, and further research and development of new molecular targeted drugs has become the key to improving efficacy.
From the perspective of targets, currently effective targeted therapies for gastric cancer are still focused on the anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. However, the proportion of these two in patients with advanced gastric cancer is relatively low, at 16% and 3%, respectively [2]. Therefore, the actual utilization rate of targeted drugs is relatively low, and it is very important to carry out related companion diagnostics.

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Sample requirements

Breast cancer precision medicine gene detection program

Breast cancer is the number one malignant tumor that seriously threatens the health of women worldwide. The latest data show that in 2020, there were 9.23 million new cases of cancer in women worldwide, accounting for 48% of the total, of which 2.26 million were new cases of breast cancer in women, far exceeding other types of cancer in women. The incidence of breast cancer in my country has been increasing year by year. In 2020, 416,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer and 117,000 died of breast cancer. Among the new cases of breast cancer each year, about 3% to 10% of patients have distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. About 30% of early patients can develop into advanced breast cancer. The 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patients in the late stage is only 20%, and the overall median survival time is 2 to 3 years.
Comprehensive treatment for breast cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, biological targeted therapy, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, etc. Among them, targeted drug therapy has remarkable efficacy and has become the first choice treatment option for patients with advanced cancer. With the continuous emergence of targeted therapeutic drugs for breast cancer, treatment options are constantly updated, bringing the clinical treatment of breast cancer into a new era of molecular targeted therapy. With the continuous deepening of understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer, molecular testing has played an increasingly important role in guiding breast cancer molecular classification, prognosis judgment, postoperative adjuvant treatment plan formulation and targeted therapy. Carrying out relevant companion diagnostics can screen out effective treatment options for patients, save time and costs for ineffective treatments, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs.

Sample requirements

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